Goods must be transported from their place of production to the many locations of their consumers. This operation is an important marketing function. Primary carriers are those using their own equipment for the transportation of goods. There are five types of primary carriers for the transport of goods: railroads, waterway carriers, motor-freight carriers, pipelines and air-freight carriers.
Railroads carry an important part of the total freight. Their advantage lies in their wide variation and adaptability to individual shippers' needs. They can carry the heaviest and the lightest products and as to speed, they offer a range that goes from 'drag' trains to 'flyers'. For special types of goods there are adapted cars. Thus for perishables refrigerator cars are usedfor oil products there are tank cars, for different other materials dumper cars are used. The freight rates of railways compare favourably with the other modes of transportation.
Waterway carries offer low-cost means of shipping bulky products which have low transportation value in relation to weight. This mode of transport is especially used when speed of transportation is not essential. Cargo-boats are used for the transportation of merchandise. Ore-carriers are specially designed for transportation of ore. Single-decked vessels are used for timber, while tankers are used for crude oil transportation.
Motor-freight carriers are less advantageous for the transport of bulky, low-value goods. However, they can perform door-to-door delivery, as they reach places inaccessible to railroads. Thus repeated handling and transhipment can be avoided, this being an advantage of transport by road. Tank lorries are used for liquids, tipping lorries for building materials, cooling lorries for perishables, vans for furniture andvaluables. Pipelines carry crude oil, natural gas, gasoline.
Air freight is used for goods where speed is essential, such as perishables, medicines, spare parts, and goods of high value for which safety of transportation is a prime consideration, that is more important than the higher cost of transport by air.
Railroads carry an important part of the total freight. Their advantage lies in their wide variation and adaptability to individual shippers' needs. They can carry the heaviest and the lightest products and as to speed, they offer a range that goes from 'drag' trains to 'flyers'. For special types of goods there are adapted cars. Thus for perishables refrigerator cars are usedfor oil products there are tank cars, for different other materials dumper cars are used. The freight rates of railways compare favourably with the other modes of transportation.
Waterway carries offer low-cost means of shipping bulky products which have low transportation value in relation to weight. This mode of transport is especially used when speed of transportation is not essential. Cargo-boats are used for the transportation of merchandise. Ore-carriers are specially designed for transportation of ore. Single-decked vessels are used for timber, while tankers are used for crude oil transportation.
Motor-freight carriers are less advantageous for the transport of bulky, low-value goods. However, they can perform door-to-door delivery, as they reach places inaccessible to railroads. Thus repeated handling and transhipment can be avoided, this being an advantage of transport by road. Tank lorries are used for liquids, tipping lorries for building materials, cooling lorries for perishables, vans for furniture andvaluables. Pipelines carry crude oil, natural gas, gasoline.
Air freight is used for goods where speed is essential, such as perishables, medicines, spare parts, and goods of high value for which safety of transportation is a prime consideration, that is more important than the higher cost of transport by air.
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